Link from above:
Complications After Polymethylmethacrylate Injections:
Report of 32 Cases
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2008;121(5):1811-1820.Alessandra Grassi Salles, MD, Priscilla Helena Lotierzo, MD, Rolf Gemperli, MD, J'lio Morais Besteiro, MD, Lu's Carlos Ishida, MD, Rodrigo Pinto Gimenez, MD, Jorge Menezes, MD, Marcus Castro Ferreira, MD.
Over the past 15 years, polymethylmethacrylate (
PMMA) injections have been used for soft-tissue augmentation. However, there are insufficient data relating to complications associated with dermal fillers containing
PMMA.Salles and colleagues examined 32 patients (average age, 43.6 years) with complications following injection of
PMMA fillers. Complications were classified into five groups according to the main presentation: tissue
Necrosis, granulomas, chronic inflammatory reactions, lip complications, and infections.
Results:Five patients presented with tissue
Necrosis after injection: two male patients had skin and subcutaneous
Necrosis of the penis after injection for penile enlargement; one female patient had
Necrosis in the right ala and nasal tip after injection to improve nasal tip projection; two female patients had
Necrosis of the nasal alae, nasolabial fold, and superior lip after injection for nasolabial fold correction.
Ten patients developed severe granulomas starting 6 to 12 months after
PMMA injection.
Ten patients had a chronic inflammatory reaction beginning 1 to 10 years after
PMMA injection.
Six patients developed lip complications, including stiffness, lymphedema, and
Nodule formation after
PMMA injection in the lips.
One patient presented with infection (hyperemia, edema, and pustule formation 1 year after injection).
The authors concluded that complications arising from
PMMA injections are rare considering the number of successful cases noted. However, they emphasize that these complications are severe, permanent, and difficult or perhaps impossible to treat.
Therefore, safety guidelines1-2 should be observed when using
PMMA for soft-tissue augmentation.